Malware
Scareware
Also known as: Fake-alert malware, Fear-based malware
Definition
Malicious software or web content that uses fake alarming messages to scare victims into installing junk software, paying for fake services, or calling fraudsters.
Examples
- A browser pop-up claiming "Your PC is infected!" and pushing users to download a fake antivirus.
- Full-screen lockers that mimic FBI warnings demanding a fine via prepaid cards.
Related terms
Rogue Security Software
Fake antivirus or system-cleaning software that pretends to find threats and demands payment to fix them, while often installing real malware itself.
Adware
Software that automatically displays, injects, or redirects to advertisements, often bundled with free software and frequently tracking user behavior.
Tech Support Scam
A fraud in which attackers pose as technical support agents from a well-known vendor to convince victims to install remote-access tools, hand over credentials, or pay for fake services.
Social Engineering
The psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or disclosing confidential information that benefits an attacker.
Malvertising
The use of online advertising networks to distribute malware, exploits, or scams via legitimate-looking ads served on trusted websites.
Potentially Unwanted Program (PUP)
Software that is not strictly malicious but installs without clear consent, behaves intrusively, or degrades user experience — for example, bundled toolbars, adware, or aggressive optimizers.