Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation とは何ですか?
Kerberos Unconstrained DelegationAn Active Directory configuration that lets a service receive and store TGTs for any authenticating user, allowing it to impersonate them to any other service — a high-impact misconfiguration repeatedly abused for credential theft and domain compromise.
Unconstrained delegation is the original Kerberos delegation mode in Active Directory. A computer or service account marked 'Trust this computer for delegation to any service' (the TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION user-account-control flag) receives the user's TGT inside the Kerberos service ticket as part of the standard double-hop sign-in. The service can then use that TGT to request service tickets for the user to any other service in the forest — there is no scoping. Attackers love this for two reasons. First, any user (including high-privilege accounts and even Domain Admins) who interacts with a compromised unconstrained-delegation host effectively donates their TGT to the attacker. Second, the 'Print Spooler bug' (and similar coerced-auth tricks like PetitPotam) can force domain controllers to authenticate to such a host, yielding the DC's TGT. Mitigations are categorical: never enable unconstrained delegation on new servers, migrate existing usage to constrained or resource-based constrained delegation, mark sensitive accounts as 'Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated', deploy Protected Users group membership for high-privilege users, and audit `userAccountControl` for the `TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION` flag.
● 例
- 01
A red-team coerces a Domain Controller to authenticate to a compromised IIS server with unconstrained delegation, harvests the DC's TGT, and proceeds to a DCSync attack.
- 02
A blue-team sweep removes the TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION flag from all member servers and migrates a small set of legacy SQL servers to resource-based constrained delegation.
● よくある質問
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation とは何ですか?
An Active Directory configuration that lets a service receive and store TGTs for any authenticating user, allowing it to impersonate them to any other service — a high-impact misconfiguration repeatedly abused for credential theft and domain compromise. サイバーセキュリティの ID とアクセス カテゴリに属します。
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation とはどういう意味ですか?
An Active Directory configuration that lets a service receive and store TGTs for any authenticating user, allowing it to impersonate them to any other service — a high-impact misconfiguration repeatedly abused for credential theft and domain compromise.
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation はどのように機能しますか?
Unconstrained delegation is the original Kerberos delegation mode in Active Directory. A computer or service account marked 'Trust this computer for delegation to any service' (the TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION user-account-control flag) receives the user's TGT inside the Kerberos service ticket as part of the standard double-hop sign-in. The service can then use that TGT to request service tickets for the user to any other service in the forest — there is no scoping. Attackers love this for two reasons. First, any user (including high-privilege accounts and even Domain Admins) who interacts with a compromised unconstrained-delegation host effectively donates their TGT to the attacker. Second, the 'Print Spooler bug' (and similar coerced-auth tricks like PetitPotam) can force domain controllers to authenticate to such a host, yielding the DC's TGT. Mitigations are categorical: never enable unconstrained delegation on new servers, migrate existing usage to constrained or resource-based constrained delegation, mark sensitive accounts as 'Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated', deploy Protected Users group membership for high-privilege users, and audit `userAccountControl` for the `TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION` flag.
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation からどのように防御しますか?
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation に対する防御は通常、上記の定義で述べたとおり、技術的統制と運用上の実践を組み合わせます。
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation の別名は何ですか?
一般的な別名: UD, Trust for delegation to any service。
● 関連用語
- identity-access№ 652
Kerberos
対称鍵暗号と信頼された鍵配布センターを用いたチケットベースのネットワーク認証プロトコルで、サービス横断のシングルサインオンを安全に実現する。
- identity-access№ 014
Active Directory
マイクロソフトが提供する Windows ネットワーク向けの企業ディレクトリサービスで、ユーザー・コンピュータ・リソースに対する認証、認可、ポリシー管理を一元化する。
- identity-access№ 653
Kerberos Constrained Delegation
An Active Directory delegation mode that allows a service to impersonate users only to a specified set of target services — safer than unconstrained delegation, but still abused via S4U2Self / S4U2Proxy attacks when misconfigured.
- attacks№ 651
Kerberoasting
サービスアカウントの Kerberos サービスチケットを要求し、その暗号化部分をオフラインで解析して平文パスワードを取り出すオフラインパスワード攻撃。
- attacks№ 886
Pass-the-Ticket
盗み出した Kerberos チケットを再利用し、パスワードを知らずにユーザーやサービスになりすます Active Directory 攻撃。
- attacks№ 836
NTLM リレー攻撃
MITRE T1557.001 に該当する中間者攻撃。被害者の NTLM 認証を別のサービスへ転送し、パスワードを知らないまま被害者になりすます。