Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC).

A family of cryptographic protocols that lets several parties jointly compute a function over their private inputs while revealing nothing beyond the output. It belongs to the Cryptography category of cybersecurity.

A family of cryptographic protocols that lets several parties jointly compute a function over their private inputs while revealing nothing beyond the output.

Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) lets a set of mutually distrusting parties compute a joint function of their private inputs and learn only the output. Foundational constructions include Yao's garbled circuits for two-party computation and protocols based on secret sharing (BGW, GMW, SPDZ) for many parties; modern implementations achieve practical throughput using preprocessing, ABY3, and silent OT extensions. MPC underpins threshold signing of cryptocurrency wallets and HSMs, privacy-preserving analytics across organizations, cross-bank fraud detection, and federated key management. It is often combined with zero-knowledge proofs or homomorphic encryption to harden assumptions or reduce communication.

Defences for Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) typically combine technical controls and operational practices, as detailed in the full definition above.

Common alternative names include: MPC, Multi-party computation.