CyberGlossary

Identity & Access

SAML

Also known as: SAML 2.0, Security Assertion Markup Language

Definition

An XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization assertions between an identity provider and a service provider.

SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) defines how a trusted identity provider (IdP) can issue signed XML assertions describing a user's identity and attributes to a service provider (SP), enabling web single sign-on across security domains. The most widely used version, SAML 2.0, supports browser-redirect and POST bindings; the SP validates the assertion's signature, audience and time conditions before establishing a session. SAML remains dominant in enterprise SSO because of its rich attribute model and mature tooling, but it is verbose, hard to use on mobile and APIs, and prone to misconfiguration (XML signature wrapping attacks, missing audience checks). For new integrations OpenID Connect is often preferred.

Examples

  • An enterprise IdP issuing a SAML assertion so users can sign in to Salesforce.
  • A Service Provider validating a signed AuthnResponse from Microsoft Entra ID.

Related terms