CyberGlossary

Malware

Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)

Also known as: RaaS, Affiliate ransomware

Definition

A criminal business model in which ransomware operators rent their malware and infrastructure to affiliates who carry out attacks and share the proceeds.

Ransomware-as-a-Service mirrors legitimate SaaS: a core group develops the encryptor, leak site, negotiation portal, and affiliate panel, while affiliates handle initial access and intrusion in exchange for a percentage of paid ransoms (commonly 60–80%). The model has industrialised ransomware, lowering the technical bar and enabling double or triple extortion through data theft, DDoS, and harassment of victims. Notable RaaS programs include LockBit, ALPHV/BlackCat, Conti, and REvil. Defences focus on stopping the affiliate kill chain: phishing and exposure reduction, MFA, EDR, network segmentation, immutable backups, fast detection of staging tools, and well-rehearsed incident response and recovery plans.

Examples

  • LockBit affiliates encrypting enterprise networks for a share of the ransom.
  • ALPHV/BlackCat providing a Rust-based encryptor and leak site to recruited operators.

Related terms