CyberGlossary

Attacks & Threats

Phishing

Also known as: Email phishing, Mass phishing

Definition

A social-engineering attack in which an attacker impersonates a trusted party to trick a victim into revealing credentials, transferring money, or running malware.

Phishing is a fraudulent communication — usually email, but also SMS, voice calls, or chat — that is crafted to look like it comes from a legitimate organization. The attacker's goal is to manipulate the recipient into disclosing sensitive information (passwords, payment data, MFA codes), authorizing a wire transfer, or executing a malicious attachment or link. Phishing is the most common initial-access vector in modern breaches because it targets human judgment rather than software flaws. Defences combine technical controls (DMARC, SPF, DKIM, anti-phishing gateways, browser warnings, FIDO2 keys) with user awareness training and rapid incident-response procedures for reported messages.

Examples

  • A fake "Microsoft 365 password reset" email that links to a credential-harvesting site.
  • An invoice attachment that installs a banking trojan when opened.

Related terms