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Vol. 1 · Ed. 2026
CyberGlossary
Entry № 749

Memory-Safe Languages

Reviewed byCybersecurity entrepreneur & security researcher

What is Memory-Safe Languages?

Memory-Safe LanguagesMemory-safe languages such as Rust, Go, Swift, Java, and C# prevent the spatial and temporal memory errors that drive most exploitable vulnerabilities in C and C++.


Memory-safe languages enforce bounds, ownership or garbage-collected lifetimes, and type integrity at compile or run time. Rust uses an ownership and borrow checker for safety without a garbage collector; Go and Swift rely on managed allocation with bounds-checked slices; Java and C# use a managed runtime. The U.S. Office of the National Cyber Director (ONCD) 2024 report Back to the Building Blocks recommends adopting memory-safe languages for new code and critical components to eliminate the 60-70 percent of high-severity vulnerabilities attributable to memory bugs. Adoption strategies include rewriting hotspots (Android, Windows kernel, curl), strangler patterns, and FFI boundaries for legacy interop.

● Examples

  1. 01

    Android shipping the Bluetooth stack components in Rust to reduce UAF risk.

  2. 02

    AWS rewriting parts of Firecracker and s2n-tls in Rust for memory safety.

● Frequently asked questions

What is Memory-Safe Languages?

Memory-safe languages such as Rust, Go, Swift, Java, and C# prevent the spatial and temporal memory errors that drive most exploitable vulnerabilities in C and C++. It belongs to the Application Security category of cybersecurity.

What does Memory-Safe Languages mean?

Memory-safe languages such as Rust, Go, Swift, Java, and C# prevent the spatial and temporal memory errors that drive most exploitable vulnerabilities in C and C++.

How do you defend against Memory-Safe Languages?

Defences for Memory-Safe Languages typically combine technical controls and operational practices, as detailed in the full definition above.

What are other names for Memory-Safe Languages?

Common alternative names include: MSL, Memory safe languages.

● Related terms

● See also