CyberGlossary

Forensics & IR

Digital Forensics

Also known as: Computer forensics, Cyber forensics

Definition

The scientific discipline of identifying, preserving, analysing, and reporting on digital evidence from computers, networks, and devices in a legally defensible way.

Digital forensics applies investigative techniques to digital artefacts in support of incident response, litigation, internal investigations, and law-enforcement cases. Practitioners follow recognised process models such as NIST SP 800-86 and ISO/IEC 27037 to acquire data with integrity (write blockers, cryptographic hashes), maintain chain of custody, and reconstruct events through timeline and artefact analysis. Sub-disciplines cover disk, memory, network, mobile, and cloud forensics, each with specialised tools (Autopsy, EnCase, FTK, X-Ways, Volatility, Wireshark). The aim is to produce reproducible findings that can withstand scrutiny in court or executive review while supporting containment and remediation decisions.

Examples

  • Imaging the disk of a compromised laptop with FTK Imager and analysing it in Autopsy.
  • Recovering deleted files and chat fragments to support an HR investigation.

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